Polski/Polsk/Polish:
Dlaczego nie można sprzedać Grenlandii?
Grenlandia, największa na świecie niekontynentalna wyspa, jest jedyna w swoim rodzaju. Tak często zapominana odległa kraina lodu odgrywa tymczasem istotną rolę w życiu każdego z nas. I nie chodzi mi tylko o wyjątkową scenerię dla filmόw przyrodniczych. Bieżąca sytuacja polityczna zmusza do odpowiedzi na pytanie: Dlaczego nie można sprzedać Grenlandii?
W 2024 roku όwczesny amerykański prezydent-elekt Donald Trump ujawnił swoje plany kupna tej wyspy od Krόlestwa Danii, jednak jego śmiałe zamierzenia nie mogą zostać zrealizowane z uwagi na poniższe fakty.
Zgodnie z poprawką wprowadzoną do konstytucji duńskiej w 1953 roku Grenlandia stanowi integralną część Królestwa Danii, co rozumie się jako kontynuację historii obu narodόw. I jak to zwykle bywa, wspόlna ścieżka nieraz okazywała się kręta, wyboista, a wzajemne stosunki przeszywał chłόd rozczarowań i spekulatywnych podejrzeń. Kolonizacja tej wyspy w osiemnastym wieku skutkowała narzuceniem kultury chrześcijańskiej i konkretnego języka, jednak nie doprowadziła przez wszystkie stulecia do wyparcia tradycji Inuitόw. Trudno jest odpierać zarzut jakoby inuickim kobietom świadomie podawano środki antykoncepcyjne, by zmniejszyć liczebność rodzimych mieszkańców, bo wiążą się z nim rozmaite emocje, a na te nigdy nie można znaleźć rozsądnego argumentu. Wraz ze zmieniającym się obrazem człowieka i świata, rząd duński dostrzegł pragnienie mieszkańców Grenlandii o samostanowieniu i przyznał wyspie szeroką autonomię w 1979 roku. W kwestii duńskich władz centralnych, które na Grenlandii reprezentuje wysoki przedstawiciel, są: sprawy konstytucji, obrony, polityki zagranicznej i monetarnej. Ponadto Grenlandia wybiera dwόch deputowanych do parlamentu duńskiego Folketing. W 2008 roku odbyło się referendum w sprawie poszerzenia autonomii, w wyniku którego przekazano rządowi Grenlandii sprawy polityki morskiej, zasobów naturalnych oraz policję i sądownictwo. Język grenlandzki został jedynym językiem urzędowym. Nie zmieniła się natomiast polityka zagraniczna i obronna. Co więcej, 63% mieszkańców Grenlandii jest członkami Kościoła Ludowego Danii, a cały teren wyspy stanowi jedną z jego diecezji. A zatem Dania i Grenlandia są z sobą niezwykle mocno związane kulturowo, gospodarczo i politycznie i mimo trudnej historii to Dania stabilizuje zrόwnoważoną politykę tej wyspy, odpowiadając na potrzeby teraźniejszości i przyszłości Inuitow. Ingerencja trzeciego państwa, nieznającego kultury i historii regionu, zakłόciłaby z pewnością status quo Grenlandii, jej specyfikę ze wszystkimi wyzwaniami.
Pan Donald Trump argumentuje chęć kupna Grenlandii stabilizacją polityczną Stanόw Zjednoczonych. Pomysł poszerzenia terytorium tego kraju o największą wyspę świata nie jest nowy. Stany Zjednoczone od dawna postrzegały Grenlandię jako kluczową dla bezpieczeństwa narodowego. Na początku XX wieku włączyły Grenlandię do kilku europejskich posiadłości na półkuli zachodniej, aby wyprzedzająco przejąć i umocnić ją w przypadku groźby ataku na USA. W XIX wieku Departament Stanu USA analizował możliwość zakupu Grenlandii i Islandii, gdy w 1867 roku sekretarz stanu William Seward zlecił ocenę możliwości takiej transakcji, ale nie złożono Krόlestwu Danii żadnej propozycji. Kupno Grenlandii uznano wówczas za nieopłacalne. Podczas II wojny światowej USA powołały się na doktrynę Monroe'a i zajęły Grenlandię, aby zapobiec wykorzystaniu jej przez Niemcy po niemieckiej okupacji Danii. Dziś Stany Zjednoczone mają na Grenlandii bazę wojsk powietrznych Thule z elementami systemu wczesnego ostrzegania przed pociskami balistycznymi. Bazę tę wykorzystuje również dowództwo sił kosmicznych. W czasie zimnej wojny działała też tajna baza Camp Century. Początki tej obecności sięgają 9 kwietnia 1941 roku, gdy USA przejęły kontrolę nad wyspą prawdopodobnie jeszcze bez oficjalnej zgody duńskiego rządu na emigracji podczas II wojny światowej. W 1946 roku prezydent Harry Truman bezskutecznie złożył Danii ofertę zakupu Grenlandii za 100 mln dolarόw, a w 2019 roku do pomysłu wrócił prezydent Donald Trump, ktόry oświadczył, że byłby to biznes w dobrze mu znanej branży nieruchomości i nawet zamieścił na jednym z portali społecznościowych fotomontaż jednej ze swoich Trump Towers umieszczonej na zabudowanym parterowymi grenlandzkimi domkami wybrzeżu, żartobliwie zapewniając, że nic podobnego nie zamierza tam stawiać. Po zdecydowanej reakcji premier duńskiego rządu, Mette Frederiksen, że Grenlandia nie jest na sprzedaż, bo nie należy do Danii, lecz do Grenlandii, pan Trump przełożył zaplanowaną na 2 września wizytę w Danii. Odwołanie oficjalnej wizyty państwowej mniej niż dwa tygodnie przed jej terminem łączyło się z poważnymi trudnościami dyplomatycznymi, ponieważ zapraszającym nie był duński rząd, ale krόlowa Małgorzata II. Od 2025 roku Siły Kosmiczne USA utrzymują bazę kosmiczną Pituffik na Grenlandii, a wojsko amerykańskie regularnie bierze udział w ćwiczeniach NATO na wodach grenlandzkich.
Odpowiadając na argument prezydenta Trumpa, trzeba stwierdzić, że sytuacja polityczna Stanόw Zjednoczonych w regionie nie jest w żaden sposób zagrożona. Krόlestwo Danii, Kanada i Islandia należą do członków założycieli Paktu Pόłnocnoatlantyckiego NATO, którego podstawowym zadaniem jest zagwarantowanie bezpieczeństwa państwom członkowskim. Od 1949 roku jesteśmy partnerami, nie wrogami, którym przyświeca wspόlny cel – pokojowy rozwόj ludzkości w oparciu o idee demokracji i poszanowania prawa międzynarodowego. Dramatyczne doświadczenia II wojny światowej, miliony ofiar w niej poległych, na zawsze zobowiązały nas moralnie do czynienia nieustannych wysiłków na rzecz pokoju i praworządności.
Czymże jest jednak sugerowanie jednemu krajowi sprzedanie części swojego regionu, albo insynuowanie wkroczenia na ten teren, gdyby transakcja nie mogłaby się odbyć? Karta Narodόw Zjednoczonych i Akt Końcowy Komisji Bezpieczeństwa i Wspόłpracy w Europie uznały aneksję za nielegalną, jako logiczną konsekwencję zakazu agresji oraz respektowania zasady suwerenności państwa i jego integralności terytorialnej. Karta Narodów Zjednoczonych zobowiązuje państwa członkowskie do tego, by powstrzymały się od stosowania groźby i użycia siły przeciwko nietykalności terytorialnej i niepodległości innego kraju (art. 2 ust. 4). Użycie siły jest dopuszczalne tylko w samoobronie lub jako część mechanizmu zbiorowego bezpieczeństwa, a ta sytuacja nie ma miejsca. Wobec tego nie można rozumieć aktualnych działań amerykańskiego prezydenta inaczej niż stawanie przeciwko światowemu porządkowi prawnemu. To ryzykowny krok w obecnym czasie, w którym pokόj wydaje się tak kruchy, a w wielu regionach świata niedostępny. Stany Zjednoczone budowały swoją wielkość przez respektowanie prawa zfederalizowanych regionόw i budowanie światowej jurysdykcji. Co nam pozostanie, jeśli nie prawo i pokόj? Zbyt wiele dzieci wie, co oznacza wojna, strach o bliskich i siebie, ucieczka do schronόw przeciwbombowych w nocy i w dzień. Jako dorośli musimy pokazać im, że życie bez przemocy i łamania prawa jest ponadczasowym dobrem. Jeżeli będziemy postępować wbrew temu, co oficjalnie głosimy, staniemy się niewiarygodni i obłudni.
Grenlandia jest wyjątkową wyspą z uwagi na ekosystem. Wprawdzie jej roślinność jest uboga i występuje tylko w miejscach, które choć przez krótki czas w ciągu roku są wolne od pokrywy lodowej, to fauna na Grenlandii cechuje się dużą różnorodnością. Na wybrzeżach żyją m.in. renifery, piżmowoły arktyczne, lemingi, niedźwiedzie polarne, lisy polarne, wilki polarne, zające polarne, gronostaje, a także ptaki – m.in. pardwy, sowy śnieżne, gęsi i mewy. Morze w pobliżu wyspy zamieszkane jest przez liczne ryby (np. łososie, dorsze, rekiny i mallotusy), a także duże ssaki morskie (około 30 różnych gatunków, m.in. wale grenlandzkie, narwale, białuchy, morsy oraz kilka gatunków fok, np.: lodofoka grenlandzka, fokowąs brodaty, nerpa obrączkowana itd.). Ponadto grenlandzkie wody zamieszkują liczne gatunki drobnych zwierząt, stanowiących pożywienie kręgowców, a spośród nich największe znaczenie mają krewetki. Na Grenlandii żyje ok. 700 gatunków owadów i pajęczaków: liczne komary, motyle, trzmiele i pająki. Właściwie jest to dość zaskakujące, prawda?
Grenlandia jest wyjątkowym regionem z uwagi na bogate złoża surowców naturalnych. Na samej wyspie, jak i w całej Arktyce wokół bieguna północnego, znajdują się ogromne złoża gazu ziemnego i ropy naftowej, a także diamentów, złota, uranu, rudy żelaza, ołowiu, cynku oraz pożądanych pierwiastków ziem rzadkich. Należy jednak pamiętać, że obszar Arktyki i Grenlandii nadal nie jest należycie przebadany i zasoby mogą być znacznie większe, niż jest to obecnie szacowane, zwłaszcza jeśli chodzi o ropę naftową i gaz ziemny. Rozwój technologii eksploatacji sprawia, że wydobycie staje się powoli możliwe, jednak ekonomiści uważają, że jest ono na ten moment wciąż mało opłacalne. Surowce nadal są trudno dostępne i wciąż brakuje odpowiednich technologii umożliwiających efektywne ich wydobycie.
Ten wyjątkowy ekosystem wydaje się zagrożony. Grenlandia w ogromnym stopniu odczuwa konsekwencje pogłębiających się zmian klimatycznych. Jak wynika z badania przeprowadzonego przez naukowców z Uniwersytetu w Barcelonie, ekstremalne epizody topnienia, czyli okresy, w których duże obszary śniegu i lodu topnieją wyjątkowo szybko, były niemal dwukrotnie częstsze latem w ciągu ostatnich dekad niż w latach 1950–1990. Sezon topnienia wydłużył się o kilka miesięcy, pochłaniając coraz większą część lodowej pokrywy – szacuje się, że od początku obecnego wieku wyspa straciła około 5 bilionów ton lodu. Kryzys klimatyczny doprowadził do tego, że Grenlandia traci obecnie 234 miliardy ton lodu rocznie, a jej pokrywa lodowa topnieje siedem razy szybciej niż w latach 90-tych ubiegłego wieku.
Arktyka jest najszybciej ocieplającym się regionem na Ziemi i w związku z tym odnotowuje najwyższą szybkość topnienia lodu, a Grenlandia jest jedynym lądem pokrytym stałą pokrywą lodową poza Antarktydą. Nie ulega wątpliwości, ze eksploatacja złόż naturalnych Grenlandii znacząco przyspieszy ten proces. Utrata lodu nie tylko wpłynie na wzrost poziomu morza, ale również na życie mieszkańców wyspy. Stopienie się lodu Grenlandii to utrata wiedzy o historii naszej planety. Rdzenie lodowe, pozyskane przez liczne grupy badawcze pracujące na Grenlandii, pozwalają na cofnięcie się o ok. 100 000 lat i ilustrują, że pogoda i temperatura często zmieniały się gwałtownie pomiędzy pozornie stabilnymi stanami, wywołując globalne konsekwencje.
Stopienie się całego lodu Grenlandii doprowadziłoby do podniesienia poziomu mórz na całym świecie o 7,4 metra. Miałoby to konsekwencje dla całej ludzkości, zwłaszcza dla krajόw takich jak Belgia, Holandia, kraje Oceanii, Malediwy, Seszele. Berlin, Paryż, Wenecja – te miasta znajdą się pod wodą. Co więcej, stopienie się całego lodu Grenlandii to utrata istotnego rezerwuaru wody pitnej dla przyszłych pokoleń. I to nie jest problem wymyślony przez klimatologόw. Mieszkańcy Afryki, coraz większych regionόw Azji, Europy i Środkowych Stanόw Zjednoczonych wiedzą zbyt dobrze, co oznacza susza. I tego faktu nie można przemilczeć. Interes polityczny i gospodarczy żadnego z mocarstw nie może stać ponad bezpieczeństwem egzystencjalnym całej ludzkości.
Jeśli chodzi o korzyści gospodarcze wynikające z ewentualnego kupna Grenlandii, to nie można pominąć faktu, że ropa czy gaz ziemny powoli tracą na znaczeniu na rzecz odnawialnych źródeł energii i energetyki jądrowej, co stawia pod znakiem zapytania opłacalność inwestycji w wydobycie tych surowców na omawianym obszarze. Rodzi się zatem pytanie: Kto poniesie prawne i moralne konsekwencje swoich decyzji, które wpłyną jednoznacznie negatywnie na nas wszystkich?
Dania i Grenlandia są z sobą związane od wiekόw. Ich wspόlna historia zaczęła się ok. 1380 roku. Tak, mieszkańcy Grenlandii powinni decydować o swoim losie i duński rząd szanuje tę potrzebę. Jak pokazuje historia, tworzenie struktur niezależnego państwa wymaga ogromnych środkόw finansowych, których autonomiczny rząd Grenlandii po prostu nie ma. Ten brak zmusiłby Grenlandczykόw do szybkiego poszukania nowych źródeł zarobkowania, czyli de facto eksploatacji bogactw naturalnych wyspy. Aktualny stan prawny zapewnia Grenlandii stabilizację finansową i gospodarczą oraz reguluje zrόwnoważoną politykę tego istotnego dla całej ludzkości regionu.
Dania i Grenlandia są z sobą związane od wiekόw, co przypomniał Jego Krόlewska Mość Fryderyk X pod koniec minionego roku. Uchwałą królewską z dnia 20 grudnia 2024 król ustanowił nowy herb królewski, ktόry jest jednocześnie symbolem państwowym. Oprócz herbu Danii na pierwszym polu heraldycznym, Wyspy Owcze i Grenlandia mają własne pola, co wzmacnia pozycję Wspólnoty Narodów i podkreśla jej istotę w herbie królewskim. Pozostaje zatem mieć nadzieję, że porządek prawny świata nie zostanie zachwiany na rzecz indywidualnych celόw, a trudna wspόlna historia stanie się punktem wyjścia do budowania rozsądnej przyszłości dla dobra nas wszystkich.
Boże, zachowaj Danię i Grenlandię
Gud bevare Danmark og Grønland
Duński/Dansk/Danish:
Hvorfor kan Grønland ikke sælges?
Grønland, verdens største ikke-kontinentale ø, er enestående. Så ofte glemt af menneskeheden, spiller isens fjerne land en vigtig rolle i hver enkelt af os. Og jeg mener ikke kun det unikke landskab for naturfilm. Den aktuelle politiske situation tvinger os til at svare på spørgsmålet: Hvorfor kan Grønland ikke sælges?
I 2024 afslørede den daværende amerikanske præsident Donald Trump sine planer om at købe øen fra Kongeriget Danmark, men hans dristige planer kan ikke realiseres på grund af følgende fakta.
Ifølge en ændring af den danske grundlov i 1953 er Grønland en integreret del af kongeriget Danmark, hvilket forstås som en fortsættelse af begge nationers historie. Og som det plejer at være, viste den fælles vej sig ofte at være snoet og ujævn, og de indbyrdes forhold var gennemsyret af skuffelsens kulde og spekulative mistanker. Koloniseringen af denne ø i det attende århundrede resulterede i indførelse af kristen kultur og et specifikt sprog, men det førte ikke til fortrængning af inuittraditioner gennem århundrederne. Det er svært at tilbagevise anklagen om, at inuitkvinder bevidst fik præventionsmidler for at reducere antallet af indfødte indbyggere, fordi det er forbundet med forskellige følelser, og man kan aldrig finde et fornuftigt argument for dem. Med det skiftende billede af mennesket og verden anerkendte den danske regering grønlændernes ønske om selvbestemmelse og gav øen bred selvstyre i 1979. De danske centralmyndigheder, repræsenteret i Grønland af den højtstående repræsentant, er ansvarlige for forfatnings-, forsvars-, udenrigs- og pengepolitiske spørgsmål. Derudover vælger Grønland to medlemmer til det danske folketing, Folketinget. I 2008 blev der afholdt en folkeafstemning om udvidelse af autonomi, som resulterede i overførsel af havpolitik, naturressourcer, politi og retsvæsen til Grønlands Selvstyre. Grønlandsk blev det eneste officielle sprog. Udenrigs- og forsvarspolitikken har dog ikke ændret sig. Desuden er 63% af indbyggerne i Grønland medlemmer af Den Danske Folkekirke, og hele øområdet er et af dets stifter. Danmark og Grønland er således meget tæt forbundet kulturelt, økonomisk og politisk, og på trods af deres vanskelige historie, er det Danmark, der stabiliserer denne øs bæredygtige politik og imødekommer behovene hos inuitfolket i dag og i fremtiden. Indblanding fra et tredjeland, der ikke er bekendt med regionens kultur og historie, ville helt sikkert forstyrre Grønlands status quo, dets særlige karakter med alle dets udfordringer.
Donald Trump hævder, at hans ønske om at købe Grønland skyldes politisk stabilitet i USA. Ideen om at udvide dette lands territorium til at omfatte verdens største ø er ikke ny. USA har længe set Grønland som afgørende for landets nationale sikkerhed. I begyndelsen af det 20. århundrede føjede de Grønland til flere europæiske besiddelser på den vestlige halvkugle, for forebyggende at beslaglægge og befæste det i tilfælde af et truet angreb på USA. I det 19. århundrede undersøgte det amerikanske udenrigsministerium muligheden for at købe Grønland og Island, da udenrigsminister William Seward i 1867 bestilte en evaluering af gennemførligheden af en sådan transaktion, men der blev ikke fremsat noget forslag til Kongeriget Danmark. At købe Grønland blev dengang anset for urentabelt. Under Anden Verdenskrig påberåbte USA sig Monroe-doktrinen og besatte Grønland for at forhindre, at den blev brugt af Tyskland efter den tyske besættelse af Danmark. I dag har USA Thule Air Force Base i Grønland med elementer af et tidligt varslingssystem mod ballistiske missiler. Denne base bruges også af Space Force Command. Under den kolde krig var der også en hemmelig base kaldet Camp Century. Begyndelsen på denne tilstedeværelse går tilbage til den 9. april 1941, hvor USA tog kontrol over øen, sandsynligvis uden officielt samtykke fra den danske eksilregering under Anden Verdenskrig. I 1946 gav præsident Harry Truman uden held Danmark et tilbud om at købe Grønland for 100 millioner dollars, og i 2019 vendte præsident Donald Trump tilbage til ideen og erklærede, at det ville være en forretning i ejendomsbranchen, som han var godt bekendt med, og postede endda en fotomontage af en på et socialt netværkssted fra hans Trump Towers, der ligger ved kysten med en-etagers grønlandske huse, og forsikrede i spøg om, at han ikke har til hensigt at bygge noget af den slags der. Efter et stærkt svar fra den danske statsminister Mette Frederiksen om, at Grønland ikke er til salg, fordi det ikke tilhører Danmark, men til Grønland, udsatte hr. Trump sit besøg i Danmark, der var planlagt til den 2. september. Aflysningen af et officielt statsbesøg mindre end to uger før forfaldsdatoen var forbundet med alvorlige diplomatiske vanskeligheder, da indbyderen ikke var den danske regering, men Dronning Margrethe 2. Siden 2025 har den amerikanske rumstyrke vedligeholdt Pituffik-rumbasen i Grønland, og det amerikanske militær deltager jævnligt i NATO-øvelser i grønlandsk farvand.
Som svar på præsident Trumps argumentation må det konstateres, at USA's politiske situation i regionen ikke på nogen måde er truet. Kongeriget Danmark, Canada og Island er blandt de stiftende medlemmer af Den Nordatlantiske Traktatorganisation (NATO), hvis primære opgave er at garantere medlemslandenes sikkerhed. Siden 1949 har vi været partnere, ikke fjender, styret af et fælles mål – den fredelige udvikling af menneskeheden baseret på ideerne om demokrati og respekt for international lov. De dramatiske oplevelser fra Anden Verdenskrig og de millioner af ofre, der døde i den, har for evigt moralsk forpligtet os til at gøre en kontinuerlig indsats for fred og retsstatsprincippet.
Men hvad er meningen med at foreslå, at et land sælger en del af sin region, eller at insinuere, at det ville komme ind på det område, hvis transaktionen ikke kunne finde sted? De Forenede Nationers charter og slutakten fra Kommissionen for Sikkerhed og Samarbejde i Europa erklærede annekteringen ulovlig som en logisk konsekvens af forbuddet mod aggression og respekten for princippet om statssuverænitet og territorial integritet. De Forenede Nationers charter forpligter medlemsstaterne til at afholde sig fra trusler eller magtanvendelse mod et andet lands territoriale integritet og uafhængighed (artikel 2, stk. 4). Anvendelse af magt er kun tilladt i selvforsvar eller som en del af en kollektiv sikkerhedsmekanisme, og denne situation forekommer ikke. Derfor kan den amerikanske præsidents nuværende handlinger ikke forstås på anden måde end som modsætning til den globale retsorden. Dette er et risikabelt skridt på et tidspunkt, hvor freden synes så skrøbelig og i mange regioner i verden uopnåelig. USA byggede sin storhed ved at respektere loven i de føderaliserede regioner og opbygge verdens jurisdiktion. Dette er det civilisatoriske bidrag fra et land, der ønsker at tvinge sit strategiske medlem til at sælge en autonom region. Hvad vil vi have tilbage, hvis ikke lov og fred? Alt for mange børn ved, hvad krig betyder, frygt for deres kære og sig selv, løber for at bombe krisecentre nat og dag. Som voksne skal vi vise dem, at et liv uden vold og lovbrud er et tidløst gode. Hvis vi handler i modstrid med det, vi officielt proklamerer, bliver vi upålidelige og hykleriske.
Grønland er en unik ø på grund af sit økosystem. Selvom dens vegetation er dårlig og kun forekommer på steder, der er fri for isdække i mindst en kort periode af året, er Grønlands fauna præget af stor mangfoldighed. Ved kysterne bor bl.a. rensdyr, arktiske moskusokser, lemminger, isbjørne, polarræve, arktiske ulve, arktiske harer, hermeliner samt fugle – herunder: ryper, sneugler, gæs og måger. Havet nær øen er beboet af talrige fisk (f.eks. laks, torsk, hajer og mallotus), samt store havpattedyr (ca. 30 forskellige arter, herunder grønlandshval, narhvaler, hvidhvaler, hvalrosser og flere sælarter, f.eks. .: Bovhovedsæl, skægsæl, ringsæl osv.). Derudover er de grønlandske farvande beboet af talrige arter af smådyr, der udgør føde for hvirveldyr, hvoraf de vigtigste er rejer. Der er omkring 700 arter af insekter og spindlere i Grønland: talrige myg, sommerfugle, humlebier og edderkopper. Det er faktisk ret overraskende, ikke?
Grønland er en unik region på grund af sine rige forekomster af naturressourcer. På selve øen, såvel som i hele Arktis omkring Nordpolen, er der store forekomster af naturgas og råolie, samt diamanter, guld, uran, jernmalm, bly, zink og de eftertragtede sjældne jordarters grundstoffer. Det skal dog huskes, at de arktiske og grønlandske områder stadig ikke er ordentligt udforsket, og ressourcerne kan være meget større end i øjeblikket anslået, især når det kommer til råolie og naturgas. Udviklingen af udnyttelsesteknologi gør langsomt udvinding mulig, men økonomer mener, at det stadig er urentabelt i øjeblikket. Råmaterialer er stadig vanskelige at få adgang til, og der mangler stadig passende teknologier til at muliggøre en effektiv udvinding.
Dette unikke økosystem ser ud til at være truet. Grønland er i høj grad påvirket af konsekvenserne af stigende klimaændringer. Ekstreme smelteepisoder, perioder hvor store områder med sne og is smelter usædvanligt hurtigt, har været næsten dobbelt så hyppige om sommeren i de seneste årtier end mellem 1950 og 1990, ifølge en undersøgelse foretaget af forskere fra universitetet i Barcelona. Smeltesæsonen er forlænget med flere måneder og tærer mere og mere af indlandsisen - øen anslås at have mistet omkring 5 billioner tons is siden begyndelsen af dette århundrede. Klimakrisen har ført til, at Grønland nu mister 234 milliarder tons is om året, og indlandsisen smelter syv gange hurtigere end i 1990'erne.
Arktis er den hurtigst opvarmende region på Jorden og har derfor den højeste hastighed af issmeltning, og Grønland er den eneste landmasse, der er dækket af en permanent indlandsis uden for Antarktis. Der er ingen tvivl om, at udnyttelsen af Grønlands naturressourcer vil fremskynde denne proces markant. Tabet af is vil ikke kun påvirke havniveaustigningen, men også øboernes liv. Afsmeltningen af den grønlandske indlandsis betyder et tab af viden om vores planets historie. Iskerner, opnået af adskillige forskergrupper, der arbejder i Grønland, strækker sig omkring 100.000 år tilbage og illustrerer, at vejr og temperatur ofte ændrede sig brat mellem tilsyneladende stabile stater med globale konsekvenser.
Hvis hele Grønlands is smeltede, ville det hæve det globale havniveau med 7,4 meter. Dette ville have konsekvenser for hele menneskeheden, især for lande som Belgien, Holland, landene i Oceanien, Maldiverne og Seychellerne. Berlin, Paris, Venedig – disse byer vil være under vandet. Desuden, hvis hele Grønlands is smelter, vil et livsvigtigt reservoir af drikkevand gå tabt for fremtidige generationer. Og dette er ikke et problem opfundet af klimaforskere. Folk i Afrika og stadig større dele af Asien, Europa og det centrale USA ved alt for godt, hvad tørke betyder. Og denne kendsgerning kan ikke forbigås i stilhed. Ingen stormagts politiske og økonomiske interesser kan råde over hele menneskehedens eksistentielle sikkerhed.
Når det kommer til de økonomiske fordele ved et eventuelt køb af Grønland, kan man ikke se bort fra, at olie og naturgas langsomt er ved at miste deres betydning til fordel for vedvarende energikilder og atomkraft, hvilket sætter spørgsmålstegn ved rentabiliteten af investeringer i udvindingen. af disse råvarer i det omtalte område. Spørgsmålet opstår så: Hvem skal bære de juridiske og moralske konsekvenser af deres beslutninger, som vil have en klart negativ indvirkning på os alle?
Danmark og Grønland har været forbundet i århundreder. Deres fælles historie begyndte omkring 1380. Ja, det grønlandske folk bør selv bestemme deres skæbne, og den danske regering respekterer dette behov. Som historien viser, kræver det enorme økonomiske ressourcer at skabe strukturer i en selvstændig stat, som Grønlands selvstyre simpelthen ikke har. Denne mangel ville tvinge grønlænderne til hurtigt at lede efter nye indtægtskilder, hvilket de facto ville betyde udnyttelse af øens naturressourcer. Den nuværende juridiske status giver Grønland finansiel og økonomisk stabilitet og regulerer denne regions bæredygtige politik, som er vigtig for hele menneskeheden.
Danmark og Grønland har været forbundet i århundreder, som Hans Majestæt Kong Frederik 10. huskede i slutningen af sidste år. Ved kongelig resolution af 20. december 2024 oprettede kongen et nyt kongeligt våbenskjold, som også er et statssymbol. Udover Danmarks våbenskjold på det første heraldiske felt har Færøerne og Grønland deres egne marker, hvilket styrker Rigsfællesskabets position og understreger dets essens i kongevåbenet. Vi kan derfor håbe, at verdens retsorden ikke rokkes til fordel for individuelle mål, og at vores svære fælles historie bliver et udgangspunkt for at bygge en fornuftig fremtid til gavn for os alle.
Gud bevare Danmark og Grønland
Angielski/Engelsk/English
Greenland, the world's largest non-continental island, is one of a kind. Often forgotten this remote land of ice plays an important role in the lives of each of us. And I don't just mean the unique scenery for nature documentaries. The current political situation forces us to answer the question: Why isn't Greenland for sale?
In 2024, then-US President-elect Donald Trump revealed his plans to buy the island from the Kingdom of Denmark, but his bold plans cannot be realized due to the following facts.
According to an amendment to the Danish constitution in 1953, Greenland is an integral part of the Kingdom of Denmark, which is understood as a continuation of the history of both nations. And as is often the case, the common path has often been winding, bumpy, and mutual relations have been pierced by the coldness of disappointment and speculative suspicion. The colonization of this island in the eighteenth century resulted in the imposition of Christian culture and a specific language, but it has not led to the displacement of Inuit traditions throughout the centuries. It is difficult to refute the accusation that Inuit women were deliberately given contraceptives to reduce the number of native inhabitants, because it is associated with various emotions, and one can never find a reasonable argument for them. With the changing image of man and the world, the Danish government noticed the desire of the Greenlanders for self-determination and granted the island wide autonomy in 1979. In terms of the Danish central authorities, which are represented in Greenland by the High Representative, there are: constitutional, defence, foreign and monetary affairs. In addition, Greenland elects two members of the Danish parliament, the Folketing. In 2008, a referendum was held on the extension of autonomy, which resulted in the transfer of maritime policy, natural resources, police and judiciary to the Greenlandic government. Greenlandic has become the only official language. However, foreign and defence policy has not changed. Moreover, 63% of the inhabitants of Greenland are members of the People's Church of Denmark, and the entire area of the island is one of its dioceses. Thus, Denmark and Greenland are extremely closely linked culturally, economically and politically, and despite a difficult history, it is Denmark that stabilises the balanced policy of this island, responding to the needs of the present and future of the Inuit. Interference by a third country unfamiliar with the culture and history of the region would certainly disrupt the status quo of Greenland, its specificity with all its challenges.
Mr. Donald Trump argues that the purchase of Greenland is due to the political stability of the United States. The idea of expanding the territory of this country to include the world's largest island is not new. The United States has long viewed Greenland as crucial to national security. In the early 20th century, it added Greenland to several European possessions in the Western Hemisphere to preemptively take over and strengthen it in the event of an attack on the United States. In the 19th century, the US State Department considered the possibility of purchasing Greenland and Iceland when, in 1867, Secretary of State William Seward commissioned an assessment of the possibility of such a transaction, but no proposal was made to the Kingdom of Denmark. Buying Greenland was considered unprofitable at the time. During World War II, the US invoked the Monroe Doctrine and occupied Greenland to prevent it from being used by Germany after the German occupation of Denmark. Today, the United States has the Thule Air Force Base in Greenland, with elements of an early warning system for ballistic missiles. The base is also used by the Space Command. During the Cold War, there was also a secret base called Camp Century. The beginnings of this presence date back to April 9, 1941, when the United States took control of the island, probably without the official consent of the Danish government in exile during World War II. In 1946, President Harry Truman unsuccessfully made Denmark an offer to buy Greenland for $100 million, and in 2019, President Donald Trump returned to the idea, declaring that it would be a business in the real estate industry he knew well, and even posted on one of the social media sites a photomontage of one of his Trump Towers located on the coastline built with single-story Greenlandic houses, jokingly assuring that he did not intend to build anything of the sort there. After a strong reaction from the Danish Prime Minister, Mette Frederiksen, that Greenland was not for sale because it did not belong to Denmark, but to Greenland, Mr. Trump postponed his visit to Denmark scheduled for September 2. The cancellation of an official state visit less than two weeks before its due date was associated with serious diplomatic difficulties, since the inviter was not the Danish government but Queen Margrethe II. Since 2025, the US Space Force has maintained the Pituffik space base in Greenland, and the US military regularly participates in NATO exercises in Greenlandic waters.
In response to President Trump's argument, it must be stated that the political situation of the United States in the region is not threatened in any way. The Kingdom of Denmark, Canada and Iceland are among the founding members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), whose primary task is to guarantee the security of member states. Since 1949, we have been partners, not enemies, guided by a common goal - the peaceful development of humanity based on the ideas of democracy and respect for international law. The dramatic experiences of World War II, the millions of victims who died in it, have forever morally obliged us to make constant efforts for peace and the rule of law.
However, what is it to suggest that one country sell part of its region, or to insinuate that it would enter this area if the transaction could not take place? The Charter of the United Nations and the Final Act of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe have declared the annexation illegal, as a logical consequence of the prohibition of aggression and respect for the principle of state sovereignty and territorial integrity. The Charter of the United Nations obliges member states to refrain from using the threat and use of force against the territorial integrity and independence of another country (Article 2, paragraph 4). The use of force is permissible only in self-defense or as part of a collective security mechanism, and this situation does not occur. In view of this, the current actions of the American president cannot be understood in any other way than as opposing the world legal order. This is a risky step at a time when peace seems so fragile and in many regions of the world unattainable. The United States built its greatness by respecting the law of federalized regions and building world jurisdiction. This is the civilizational contribution of a country that wants to force its strategic member to sell an autonomous region. What will we have left, if not law and peace? Too many children know what war means, fear for loved ones and themselves, running to bomb shelters at night and during the day. As adults, we must show them that a life without violence and lawlessness is a timeless good. If we act contrary to what we officially proclaim, we will become unreliable and hypocritical.
Greenland is a unique island because of its ecosystem. Although its vegetation is poor and occurs only in places that are free from ice cover for a short time during the year, the fauna in Greenland is characterized by great diversity. On the coasts live, among others, reindeer, Arctic musk oxen, lemmings, polar bears, Arctic foxes, Arctic wolves, Arctic hares, ermines, as well as birds - including ptarmigans, snowy owls, geese and gulls. The sea near the island is inhabited by numerous fish (e.g. salmon, cod, sharks and mallotus), as well as large marine mammals (about 30 different species, including bowhead whales, narwhals, beluga whales, walruses and several species of seals, e.g.: the Greenland ice seal, bearded seal, ringed seal, etc.). In addition, Greenlandic waters are inhabited by numerous species of small animals that are food for vertebrates, and shrimp are the most important of these. Greenland is home to about 700 species of insects and arachnids: numerous mosquitoes, butterflies, bumblebees and spiders. This is actually quite surprising, isn't it?
Greenland is a unique region due to its rich deposits of natural resources. On the island itself, as well as in the entire Arctic around the North Pole, there are huge deposits of natural gas and oil, as well as diamonds, gold, uranium, iron ore, lead, zinc and the desired rare earth elements. However, it should be remembered that the Arctic and Greenland area is still not properly explored and the resources may be much larger than currently estimated, especially when it comes to oil and natural gas. The development of exploitation technologies makes extraction slowly possible, but economists believe that it is still not very profitable at the moment. Raw materials are still difficult to access and there is still a lack of appropriate technologies enabling their effective extraction.
This unique ecosystem seems to be under threat. Greenland is greatly affected by the consequences of deepening climate change. Extreme melt events, periods when large areas of snow and ice melt exceptionally quickly, have been almost twice as frequent in summer in recent decades than between 1950 and 1990, according to a study by scientists from the University of Barcelona. The melt season has extended by several months, consuming more and more of the ice sheet – the island is estimated to have lost about 5 trillion tonnes of ice since the beginning of this century. The climate crisis has led to Greenland now losing 234 billion tonnes of ice per year, and its ice sheet is melting seven times faster than it did in the 1990s.
The Arctic is the fastest warming region on Earth and therefore has the highest rate of ice melt, and Greenland is the only land covered by a permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. There is no doubt that exploiting Greenland's natural resources will significantly accelerate this process. The loss of ice will not only affect sea level rise, but also the lives of the island's inhabitants. The melting of Greenland's ice is a loss of knowledge about the history of our planet. Ice cores, obtained by numerous research groups working in Greenland, extend back about 100,000 years and illustrate that weather and temperature often changed abruptly between apparently stable states, with global consequences.
The melting of all of Greenland's ice would lead to a global sea level rise of 7.4 meters. This would have consequences for all of humanity, especially for countries such as Belgium, the Netherlands, the countries of Oceania, the Maldives, the Seychelles. Berlin, Paris, Venice - these cities will be underwater. Moreover, the melting of all of Greenland's ice would mean the loss of a vital reservoir of drinking water for future generations. And this is not a problem invented by climate scientists. The people of Africa, the growing regions of Asia, Europe, and the Central United States know all too well what drought means. And this fact cannot be passed over in silence. The political and economic interests of any superpower cannot be superior to the existential security of all humanity.
When it comes to the economic benefits of a potential purchase of Greenland, one cannot ignore the fact that oil and natural gas are slowly losing their importance in favor of renewable energy sources and nuclear power, which calls into question the profitability of investments in the extraction of these resources in the discussed area. The question: Who will bear the legal and moral consequences of their decisions, which will have a clearly negative impact on all of us?
Denmark and Greenland have been linked for centuries. Their common history began around 1380. Yes, the inhabitants of Greenland should decide their own fate and the Danish government respects this need. As history shows, creating the structures of an independent state requires huge financial resources, which the autonomous government of Greenland simply does not have. This lack would force the Greenlanders to quickly look for new sources of income, i.e. de facto exploit the natural resources of the island. The current legal status provides Greenland with financial and economic stability and regulates the sustainable policy of this region, which is important for all humanity.
Denmark and Greenland have been linked for centuries, as His Majesty Frederick X recalled at the end of last year. By the Royal Resolution of 20 December 2024, the King established a new Royal Coat of Arms, which is also a state symbol. In addition to the Danish coat of arms on the first heraldic field, the Faroe Islands and Greenland have their own fields, which strengthens the position of the Commonwealth of Nations and emphasizes its essence in the royal coat of arms. It is therefore hoped that the legal order of the world will not be shaken in favor of individual goals, and that the difficult common history will become the starting point for building a reasonable future for the good of us all.
God save Denmark and Greenland
Gud bevare Danmark og Grønland
Why isn't Greenland for sale?
Greenland, the world's largest non-continental island, is one of a kind. Often forgotten this remote land of ice plays an important role in the lives of each of us. And I don't just mean the unique scenery for nature documentaries. The current political situation forces us to answer the question: Why isn't Greenland for sale?
In 2024, then-US President-elect Donald Trump revealed his plans to buy the island from the Kingdom of Denmark, but his bold plans cannot be realized due to the following facts.
According to an amendment to the Danish constitution in 1953, Greenland is an integral part of the Kingdom of Denmark, which is understood as a continuation of the history of both nations. And as is often the case, the common path has often been winding, bumpy, and mutual relations have been pierced by the coldness of disappointment and speculative suspicion. The colonization of this island in the eighteenth century resulted in the imposition of Christian culture and a specific language, but it has not led to the displacement of Inuit traditions throughout the centuries. It is difficult to refute the accusation that Inuit women were deliberately given contraceptives to reduce the number of native inhabitants, because it is associated with various emotions, and one can never find a reasonable argument for them. With the changing image of man and the world, the Danish government noticed the desire of the Greenlanders for self-determination and granted the island wide autonomy in 1979. In terms of the Danish central authorities, which are represented in Greenland by the High Representative, there are: constitutional, defence, foreign and monetary affairs. In addition, Greenland elects two members of the Danish parliament, the Folketing. In 2008, a referendum was held on the extension of autonomy, which resulted in the transfer of maritime policy, natural resources, police and judiciary to the Greenlandic government. Greenlandic has become the only official language. However, foreign and defence policy has not changed. Moreover, 63% of the inhabitants of Greenland are members of the People's Church of Denmark, and the entire area of the island is one of its dioceses. Thus, Denmark and Greenland are extremely closely linked culturally, economically and politically, and despite a difficult history, it is Denmark that stabilises the balanced policy of this island, responding to the needs of the present and future of the Inuit. Interference by a third country unfamiliar with the culture and history of the region would certainly disrupt the status quo of Greenland, its specificity with all its challenges.
Mr. Donald Trump argues that the purchase of Greenland is due to the political stability of the United States. The idea of expanding the territory of this country to include the world's largest island is not new. The United States has long viewed Greenland as crucial to national security. In the early 20th century, it added Greenland to several European possessions in the Western Hemisphere to preemptively take over and strengthen it in the event of an attack on the United States. In the 19th century, the US State Department considered the possibility of purchasing Greenland and Iceland when, in 1867, Secretary of State William Seward commissioned an assessment of the possibility of such a transaction, but no proposal was made to the Kingdom of Denmark. Buying Greenland was considered unprofitable at the time. During World War II, the US invoked the Monroe Doctrine and occupied Greenland to prevent it from being used by Germany after the German occupation of Denmark. Today, the United States has the Thule Air Force Base in Greenland, with elements of an early warning system for ballistic missiles. The base is also used by the Space Command. During the Cold War, there was also a secret base called Camp Century. The beginnings of this presence date back to April 9, 1941, when the United States took control of the island, probably without the official consent of the Danish government in exile during World War II. In 1946, President Harry Truman unsuccessfully made Denmark an offer to buy Greenland for $100 million, and in 2019, President Donald Trump returned to the idea, declaring that it would be a business in the real estate industry he knew well, and even posted on one of the social media sites a photomontage of one of his Trump Towers located on the coastline built with single-story Greenlandic houses, jokingly assuring that he did not intend to build anything of the sort there. After a strong reaction from the Danish Prime Minister, Mette Frederiksen, that Greenland was not for sale because it did not belong to Denmark, but to Greenland, Mr. Trump postponed his visit to Denmark scheduled for September 2. The cancellation of an official state visit less than two weeks before its due date was associated with serious diplomatic difficulties, since the inviter was not the Danish government but Queen Margrethe II. Since 2025, the US Space Force has maintained the Pituffik space base in Greenland, and the US military regularly participates in NATO exercises in Greenlandic waters.
In response to President Trump's argument, it must be stated that the political situation of the United States in the region is not threatened in any way. The Kingdom of Denmark, Canada and Iceland are among the founding members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), whose primary task is to guarantee the security of member states. Since 1949, we have been partners, not enemies, guided by a common goal - the peaceful development of humanity based on the ideas of democracy and respect for international law. The dramatic experiences of World War II, the millions of victims who died in it, have forever morally obliged us to make constant efforts for peace and the rule of law.
However, what is it to suggest that one country sell part of its region, or to insinuate that it would enter this area if the transaction could not take place? The Charter of the United Nations and the Final Act of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe have declared the annexation illegal, as a logical consequence of the prohibition of aggression and respect for the principle of state sovereignty and territorial integrity. The Charter of the United Nations obliges member states to refrain from using the threat and use of force against the territorial integrity and independence of another country (Article 2, paragraph 4). The use of force is permissible only in self-defense or as part of a collective security mechanism, and this situation does not occur. In view of this, the current actions of the American president cannot be understood in any other way than as opposing the world legal order. This is a risky step at a time when peace seems so fragile and in many regions of the world unattainable. The United States built its greatness by respecting the law of federalized regions and building world jurisdiction. This is the civilizational contribution of a country that wants to force its strategic member to sell an autonomous region. What will we have left, if not law and peace? Too many children know what war means, fear for loved ones and themselves, running to bomb shelters at night and during the day. As adults, we must show them that a life without violence and lawlessness is a timeless good. If we act contrary to what we officially proclaim, we will become unreliable and hypocritical.
Greenland is a unique island because of its ecosystem. Although its vegetation is poor and occurs only in places that are free from ice cover for a short time during the year, the fauna in Greenland is characterized by great diversity. On the coasts live, among others, reindeer, Arctic musk oxen, lemmings, polar bears, Arctic foxes, Arctic wolves, Arctic hares, ermines, as well as birds - including ptarmigans, snowy owls, geese and gulls. The sea near the island is inhabited by numerous fish (e.g. salmon, cod, sharks and mallotus), as well as large marine mammals (about 30 different species, including bowhead whales, narwhals, beluga whales, walruses and several species of seals, e.g.: the Greenland ice seal, bearded seal, ringed seal, etc.). In addition, Greenlandic waters are inhabited by numerous species of small animals that are food for vertebrates, and shrimp are the most important of these. Greenland is home to about 700 species of insects and arachnids: numerous mosquitoes, butterflies, bumblebees and spiders. This is actually quite surprising, isn't it?
Greenland is a unique region due to its rich deposits of natural resources. On the island itself, as well as in the entire Arctic around the North Pole, there are huge deposits of natural gas and oil, as well as diamonds, gold, uranium, iron ore, lead, zinc and the desired rare earth elements. However, it should be remembered that the Arctic and Greenland area is still not properly explored and the resources may be much larger than currently estimated, especially when it comes to oil and natural gas. The development of exploitation technologies makes extraction slowly possible, but economists believe that it is still not very profitable at the moment. Raw materials are still difficult to access and there is still a lack of appropriate technologies enabling their effective extraction.
This unique ecosystem seems to be under threat. Greenland is greatly affected by the consequences of deepening climate change. Extreme melt events, periods when large areas of snow and ice melt exceptionally quickly, have been almost twice as frequent in summer in recent decades than between 1950 and 1990, according to a study by scientists from the University of Barcelona. The melt season has extended by several months, consuming more and more of the ice sheet – the island is estimated to have lost about 5 trillion tonnes of ice since the beginning of this century. The climate crisis has led to Greenland now losing 234 billion tonnes of ice per year, and its ice sheet is melting seven times faster than it did in the 1990s.
The Arctic is the fastest warming region on Earth and therefore has the highest rate of ice melt, and Greenland is the only land covered by a permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. There is no doubt that exploiting Greenland's natural resources will significantly accelerate this process. The loss of ice will not only affect sea level rise, but also the lives of the island's inhabitants. The melting of Greenland's ice is a loss of knowledge about the history of our planet. Ice cores, obtained by numerous research groups working in Greenland, extend back about 100,000 years and illustrate that weather and temperature often changed abruptly between apparently stable states, with global consequences.
The melting of all of Greenland's ice would lead to a global sea level rise of 7.4 meters. This would have consequences for all of humanity, especially for countries such as Belgium, the Netherlands, the countries of Oceania, the Maldives, the Seychelles. Berlin, Paris, Venice - these cities will be underwater. Moreover, the melting of all of Greenland's ice would mean the loss of a vital reservoir of drinking water for future generations. And this is not a problem invented by climate scientists. The people of Africa, the growing regions of Asia, Europe, and the Central United States know all too well what drought means. And this fact cannot be passed over in silence. The political and economic interests of any superpower cannot be superior to the existential security of all humanity.
When it comes to the economic benefits of a potential purchase of Greenland, one cannot ignore the fact that oil and natural gas are slowly losing their importance in favor of renewable energy sources and nuclear power, which calls into question the profitability of investments in the extraction of these resources in the discussed area. The question: Who will bear the legal and moral consequences of their decisions, which will have a clearly negative impact on all of us?
Denmark and Greenland have been linked for centuries. Their common history began around 1380. Yes, the inhabitants of Greenland should decide their own fate and the Danish government respects this need. As history shows, creating the structures of an independent state requires huge financial resources, which the autonomous government of Greenland simply does not have. This lack would force the Greenlanders to quickly look for new sources of income, i.e. de facto exploit the natural resources of the island. The current legal status provides Greenland with financial and economic stability and regulates the sustainable policy of this region, which is important for all humanity.
Denmark and Greenland have been linked for centuries, as His Majesty Frederick X recalled at the end of last year. By the Royal Resolution of 20 December 2024, the King established a new Royal Coat of Arms, which is also a state symbol. In addition to the Danish coat of arms on the first heraldic field, the Faroe Islands and Greenland have their own fields, which strengthens the position of the Commonwealth of Nations and emphasizes its essence in the royal coat of arms. It is therefore hoped that the legal order of the world will not be shaken in favor of individual goals, and that the difficult common history will become the starting point for building a reasonable future for the good of us all.
God save Denmark and Greenland
Gud bevare Danmark og Grønland
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| Foto: Live Science |
Przypisy/Noter/References:
1. J. R. Larsen, (8 January 2025). "OVERBLIK: Hvad bestemmer Grønland selv?". DR. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
2. Th. Benedikter, (19 June 2006). "The working autonomies in Europe". Society for Threatened Peoples. Archived from the original on 9 March 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2019. Denmark has established very specific territorial autonomies with its two island territories.
3. M. Ackrén, (November 2017). "Greenland". Autonomy Arrangements in the World. Archived from the original on 30 August 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2019. Faroese and Greenlandic are seen as official regional languages in the self-governing territories belonging to Denmark.
4. "Greenland". International Cooperation and Development. European Commission. 3 June 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2019. Greenland [...] is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark
5. J. Hartmann, (8 January 2025). "Denmark can't prevent Greenland from becoming part of the US". Altinget. Retrieved 10 January 2025 – via ArcticToday.
6. M. Faurby, (7 January 2025). "Derfor er grønlandsk politiker træt af Danmark og kigger mod USA" (in Danish). DR. Retrieved 13 January 2025.
7. M. Jacobsen, (4 May 2016). "Denmark's strategic interests in the Arctic: It's the Greenlandic connection, stupid!". The Arctic Institute. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
8. M. Hansted, (17 January 2025). "Danmark i "historisk uhørt" krise: - Alarmtilstanden går kun én vej, og det er op". TV 2. Archived from the original on 17 January 2025. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
9. M. Bryant, (14 January 2025). "Trump interest in Greenland is 'wake-up call to Copenhagen', says minister". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 15 January 2025.
10. B. S. Zellen, "Greenland as an American Territory: A Bad Idea, a Bold Idea … or a Beyond-the-Horizon Idea worth Studying?" (PDF). uscga.edu. United States Coast Guard Academy. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
11. J. Blackman, (10 January 2025). "Some Legal Questions About Greenland, Puerto Rico, and Alberta". Reason. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
12. "Múte B. Egede gentager pointer om Grønland på Fox News". Politiken. 17 January 2025. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
13. P. T. Finnsson, (4 February 2020). "Greenland: Large decline in Greenland's working age population projected, but increase in bioeconomy jobs". Nordregio.
14. A. K. Sørensen, (25. maj 2020). "Grønlands historie", danmarkshistorien.dk, Aarhus Universitet, hentet 8. november 2021.
1. J. R. Larsen, (8 January 2025). "OVERBLIK: Hvad bestemmer Grønland selv?". DR. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
2. Th. Benedikter, (19 June 2006). "The working autonomies in Europe". Society for Threatened Peoples. Archived from the original on 9 March 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2019. Denmark has established very specific territorial autonomies with its two island territories.
3. M. Ackrén, (November 2017). "Greenland". Autonomy Arrangements in the World. Archived from the original on 30 August 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2019. Faroese and Greenlandic are seen as official regional languages in the self-governing territories belonging to Denmark.
4. "Greenland". International Cooperation and Development. European Commission. 3 June 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2019. Greenland [...] is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark
5. J. Hartmann, (8 January 2025). "Denmark can't prevent Greenland from becoming part of the US". Altinget. Retrieved 10 January 2025 – via ArcticToday.
6. M. Faurby, (7 January 2025). "Derfor er grønlandsk politiker træt af Danmark og kigger mod USA" (in Danish). DR. Retrieved 13 January 2025.
7. M. Jacobsen, (4 May 2016). "Denmark's strategic interests in the Arctic: It's the Greenlandic connection, stupid!". The Arctic Institute. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
8. M. Hansted, (17 January 2025). "Danmark i "historisk uhørt" krise: - Alarmtilstanden går kun én vej, og det er op". TV 2. Archived from the original on 17 January 2025. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
9. M. Bryant, (14 January 2025). "Trump interest in Greenland is 'wake-up call to Copenhagen', says minister". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 15 January 2025.
10. B. S. Zellen, "Greenland as an American Territory: A Bad Idea, a Bold Idea … or a Beyond-the-Horizon Idea worth Studying?" (PDF). uscga.edu. United States Coast Guard Academy. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
11. J. Blackman, (10 January 2025). "Some Legal Questions About Greenland, Puerto Rico, and Alberta". Reason. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
12. "Múte B. Egede gentager pointer om Grønland på Fox News". Politiken. 17 January 2025. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
13. P. T. Finnsson, (4 February 2020). "Greenland: Large decline in Greenland's working age population projected, but increase in bioeconomy jobs". Nordregio.
14. A. K. Sørensen, (25. maj 2020). "Grønlands historie", danmarkshistorien.dk, Aarhus Universitet, hentet 8. november 2021.
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